Edgar Allan Poe Archives - New England Historical Society

Sgt. Edgar Allan Poe

He was stationed at Fort Independence on Castle Island. Castle Island today connects to South Boston by a narrow strip of land. There had been a fort on Castle Island since 1634, and Fort Independence was named by President John Adams.

Fort Independence

Poe served with Battery H of the First Artillery and earned $5 a month. He was reasonably content, a brief departure in a life marked by dissolution, poverty and troubles with women. His days were structured, he got promoted to sergeant-major and his clerical duties were not unpleasant.

While serving on Castle Island he published 50 copies of his first volume of poetry, Tamerlane, ‘By a Bostonian.’

He also learned of a legendary duel that had taken place outside the fort on Christmas Day in 1817. Two lieutenants, Robert F. Massie and Gustavus Drane, had argued over a card game. Drane, who nobody liked, killed the popular Massie in the duel.

Cask of Amontillado

The legend wasn’t true. Military records show Drane was promoted to captain and died in 1846.

But Edgar Allan Poe kept the legend alive. In 1846, he published The Cask of Amontillado in Godey’s Lady’s Book. He set the story in a nameless Italian city in an unspecified year. The owner of a wine cellar wants revenge for the murder of a relative. He suspects a friend committed the crime. So he invites the friend into the cellar to taste the wine. The friend gets drunker and drunker until they reach the final cask — the cask of Amontillado — and the friend collapses, drunk. The owner then bricks him up in a niche in the wall and leaves him to die.

Fort Independence today.

The legend got a boost in 1905 during the renovation of the old fort. A skeleton, reportedly wearing scraps of an old military uniform, was found chained to the wall of an abandoned casement inside the fort.

Today, Fort Independence is a historic monument and public park.

This story about Edgar Allan Poe was updated in 2023. Fort Independence By victorgrigas – Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=49988768.

Sarah Helen Whitman loved poetry and loved Edgar Allan Poe – for a while, at least.

Sarah Helen Whitman by C.G. Thompson, 1838

She was a poet in her own right who used to meet Poe in the Providence Athenaeum, where he once defaced library property.

Sarah Helen Whitman

Born Sarah Helen Power in Providence, R.I., on Jan. 19, 1803, she moved to Boston after her marriage to John Whitman. A lawyer, he also co-edited the Boston Spectator and Ladies’ Album.

In Boston, Sarah Helen Whitman published poetry in her husband’s magazine. She also befriended Transcendentalist writers such as Ralph Waldo Emerson and Margaret Fuller. Whitman died in 1833, and she moved back to Providence to live with her mother and sister.

In Providence, she met Poe. In 1845, he was walking down the street with his friend Frances Sargent Osgood. They passed Whitman’s house and Poe saw her standing in her rose garden. It was love at first sight.

Perhaps romance was inevitable. Sarah liked to wear black clothes and a coffin-shaped charm around her neck, and she probably held seances on Sunday to communicate with the dead.

Several months later, Poe and Whitman — both widowed — began to write each other. That correspondence turned into a relationship.

Edgar Allan Poe

Ulalume

Sarah’s mother didn’t approve of Poe. Not only did he drink, gamble and take drugs, but he had no money. But Sarah Helen Whitman couldn’t stay away from him, as his wild, fascinating talk and his writing captivated her. And so they met away from her mother in the Providence Athenaeum.

While at the library, she inspired him to deface library material. The story is told in Old Providence, a pamphlet published in 1918 by the Merchants National Bank of Providence.

According to the story, Brown University’s librarian, Dr. H.L. Koopman, heard that Whitman told Poe she admired an anonymous poem that appeared in the American Review in 1847. At the time she and Poe were in the Athenaeum, and she asked him if he had read this poem, Ulalume. He said he not only knew the poem, he had written it. Before leaving the Athenaeum, he found the magazine in which the poem appeared and signed it.

Koopman went to the Athenaeum and looked up the issue of the American Review in which it was supposed to have appeared. He found the magazine and the signature.

Providence Athenaeum around 1958. Photo courtesy Library of Congress.

Lips That Touch Liquor

She only reluctantly agreed to marry Edgar Allan Poe. But on his way to see her, he tried to commit suicide on the train to Providence. Before he boarded at Lowell, Mass., he took four doses of laudanum. By the time he reached Boston, he was close to death.

Sarah took care of him in Providence.

But it was alcohol, not laudanum, that persuaded her to dump him. He’d promised her he wouldn’t touch the stuff. He then broke that promise a few days later.

Sarah’s mother also found out that Poe chased other women, which she no doubt shared with her daughter. And for his part, Poe didn’t like her friends, Margaret Fuller and some of the other transcendentalists.

According to one story, she broke off the engagement when someone slipped her a note saying he broke his promise not to touch alcohol. According to another, he got so drunk the night before the wedding that the police arrested him. And according to a third, she dumped him in the Providence Athenaeum on Dec. 23, 1848 — the day of the magazine defacement.

End of the Affair

Edgar Allan Poe and Sarah Helen Whitman never got married. But she defended his literary reputation after he died — less than a year after their proposed wedding date.

His enemies belittled him, and she wrote a book on behalf of his work. She also shared her letters from him with his English biographer.

Sarah Helen Whitman died on June 27, 1878, and was buried in the North Burial Ground in Providence.

This story was updated in 2022.