Hamden CT Archives - New England Historical Society

Robert Remington looked much younger than his 17 years when he joined the U.S. Army at Yale Field on April 23, 1917, less than three weeks after the United States entered World War I.

Pvt. Robert Remington

He came from a poor Hamden, Conn., family, one of 15 brothers and sisters. Robert was assigned to the 102^nd Infantry Regiment of the 26^th Yankee Division and sailed to France in October. He arrived in Seicheprey late that year, expecting to adjust slowly to modern warfare.

Robert Remington and Ethel Cooke

Remington, still a teenager, was fatally wounded on April 20 in the first major American engagement of the war.

His papers – photographs, a French phrase book for soldiers, drill regulations — passed on to his niece, Bernice McNeil, of North Haven, Conn. For years she thought about what to do with them. She didn’t want them put in a box and forgotten. In September 2016 she saw an ad in the local paper that said the North Haven Historical Society and the Connecticut State Library wanted old photos and keepsakes from World War I.

And so the photo of baby-faced Pvt. Robert Remington became part of the most ambitious effort in the United States to preserve memorabilia from World War I, called “Remembering World War I.” Since 2014, the Connecticut State Library has collected World War I-related items at special events throughout the state. They are stored in computer files, archived and made available online for future generations. The next event is May 24, 2017, at the New Haven Museum. The project will continue through 2018.

Life-Changing

Robert Remington’s French Phrase Book for Soldiers

On a cold, rainy October night, Howard Swanson came to the first “Remembering World War I” event with two boxes. He was in his 80s, and he wanted to donate the keepsakes of his uncle, Jacob Bernasconi. Swanson was the first person to donate to the project.

Christine Pittsley, the project’s program manager, said she was blown away when she opened the boxes back at her office. Bernasconi was injured at the Battle of Chateau-Thierry in 1918. The doctors didn’t think he’d survive his wounds, and shipped his personal effects box home to his fiancé. It contained the possessions he had in the trenches, including his operators license, shaving kit, flashlight, a Red Cross comfort kit bag and his fiance’s baby shoes – which he held onto for luck.

Bernasconi survived, married his fiancé when he returned home and walked with a limp for the rest of his life. He later had an operation during which the doctors removed shrapnel from his hip.

“We have it, wrapped in gauze,” said Pittsley. “A lot of guys saved this stuff. The war was a life-changing experience.”

Pittsley said the project has collected unbelievable stories from around the country.

Wow Factor

A German private, Emil Hoffman, was captured during the war by Merritt Learned of Meriden, Conn. The two kept in touch after the war. In a letter to Learned in the 1930s, Hoffman expressed gratitude to “our fuhrer Adolf Hitler. He has given us all jobs.”

“I always think we’re never going to get a story better than the last and then we get one with an equally big wow factor,” Pittsley said.

Francis Swan

Sometimes people bring in a photo of a family member and a war anecdote. The Connecticut State Library, which is also the repository for the state’s war records, can sometimes fill in more details from its own collection.

One woman, Pittsley said, brought in a picture of Alice I. Swan, her grandmother and founder of the Connecticut chapter of Gold Star Mothers. Her son, Pfc. Francis G. Swan, was killed in a gun explosion in the Argonne Forest on October 23, 1918. His body was never recovered.

Alice Swan at the Meuse-Argonne American Cemetery in France, next to a marker for ‘An American Soldier’ that might have been her son.

The Library showed her a picture of her uncle Francis Swan, which she had never seen. It also showed her a four-page questionnaire about Francis Swan’s military record. (Click here to find out more about the Connecticut State Library’s World War I resources.)

“It’s what makes this so cool,” said Pittsley.

The project should get a boost next year with the release of the film about Sgt. Stubby, a Staffordshire terrier mix who fought alongside the Yankee Division in the battlefields of France. The Connecticut State Library has Sgt. Stubby’s records, as well.

Robert Remington

At 4 a.m. on April 20, German artillery began bombarding the 102^nd Infantry Division of the U.S. Army in Seicheprey, France. The Americans were outgunned five to one. Storm troopers swept into the town, followed by thousands of German troops. They overran the American machine guns, set off explosions, sprayed lethal gas and thrust bayonets at the American soldiers. Robert Remington caught a German bayonet in the stomach.

Robert Remington was first buried in France before he was moved to Hamden

Remington lingered for 10 days, then died on May 1, shortly before his 19^th birthday. It was the first major U.S. engagement of the war.

His hometown put his name on the rotunda in the Hamden Town Hall and on the veterans’ monument in front of the school. His name is on his gravestone in Hamden’s Centerville Cemetery. Remington Street is named after him.

Now his photos are on display in the rotunda of the New Haven Museum. To see the images of the smiling teenager is to grasp all the things he lost out on, said Bernice McNeil.

“He was just young and innocent,” she said. ‘To lose your life like that, you don’t want to lose them at any age.”

The preservation continues on Wednesday, May 24, 2017, from 3 to 7 p.m., as Connecticut residents are invited to bring their WWI photos, letters, medals and mementos to the New Haven Museum (NHM) for scanning, to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the U.S. entry into the “Great War.” The free event has been made possible in part by the Connecticut State Library, and a major grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities: Exploring the human endeavor.

In the early part of the 20^th century, you could buy Sears houses for the price of a good pair of shoes today.

Times certainly changed. In 2005, a high-end Sears home sold for $900,000.

Sears, Roebuck and Co. sold about 100,000 kit houses from catalogs between 1908 and 1942. They were shipped by rail, with pre-cut lumber stamped for assembly. The company promised a man of average abilities that he could finish the house within 90 days — if he followed the 75-page instruction book.

Sears Houses

Sears got into the business of catalog homes because its building products division was losing money. Frank W. Kushel, who managed the company’s china department, was given the task of turning around building products. He suggested the company sell entire houses in 22 styles and ship them from the factory.

Sears copied the popular housing styles of the day, which included colonial revival features taken from historic New England homes. There’s even one model called The Puritan.

Sears marketed the houses as ‘machine made’ with already cut lumber. “No waste, no mistakes, no big labor bills,” read the catalog copy.

The kits came with nails, shingles, shellac, windows, doors, trim hardware, paint and downspouts. They did not include cement, bricks or plaster. Materials for indoor plumbing, electricity and central heating had to be bought separately.

By 1920, Sears was shipping an average of 125 houses a month. Nine years later, Sears sent 250 houses each month from just one of its four plants. The company boasted it was the world’s largest home builder.

Sears also financed home purchases, and half its homes were tied up in mortgage loans by the time of the Great Depression. The company lost $11 million on defaulted mortgages in 1934, and by 1940 it was out of the house business.

Hamden, Conn.

The C225

Realtors say a Sears house can sell for more because of the enduring quality of the materials and construction.

Sears homes were built throughout Connecticut. In Hartford alone there are dozens, but they are also in Putnam, Hamden, Canton, Shelton, Bethel, Plainville and Torrington.

The 1916 Sears catalog featured testimonials from two men who bought Sears houses in Connecticut.

D.G. Arnold wrote he was ‘well pleased’ with his home, Modern Home No. 119, in Putnam, Conn.

“All the rough lumber, doors, windows, clapboards, flooring, moldings and stairs, in fact everything required to finish a first class house, came from Sears, Roebuck and Co. at a savings of about $500, as compared with local prices,” he wrote. “My builder says he never used better finish and he has had fifty years’ experience.”

L.S. Chapman from Shelton wrote to say he saved several hundred dollars and found the materials better than expected. “Our house, No. C225, is beautiful.

The cottage at Lockwood Farm in Hamden is a Sears house. So are the Cello House, the Viola House and the Second Fiddle House at the Music Mountain in Falls Village, Canaan.

Sears didn’t make all pre-cut houses. There were actually six large companies that made kit houses, but none had the marketing clout of Sears and its famous catalog. Another company, Aladdin, sold enough homes to the Bristol Brass. Co. in 1916 to fill four blocks near the factory in Bristol, Conn.

Bucksport, Maine

The entrance to the Sears Belfast was modeled on the doorway of the Perkins House in Castine, Maine.

Identifying Sears houses has become a cottage industry for fanatics who produce books, blogs, documentaries and even bus tours by the Smithsonian Associates.

Sears enthusiasts argue whether Bucksport, Maine, has a neighborhood full of identical Sears houses – Belfasts, to be precise. Writer Scott Sowers says yes. Rose Thornton, who has made a career of identifying Sears houses, says no.

“The Sears Belfast and the Bucksport Houses are wildly different from one another,” wrote Thornton after examining a photo of a Bucksport house.

(Tangentially, the front doorway of the real Belfast was modeled on the doorway of the historic Perkins House, built in 1769 in Castine, Maine.)

People authenticate Sears houses by comparing them to the models in the Sears archives. That’s usually not enough, since houses are often altered over the years. They must also look for stamped lumber in the basement or attic, shipping labels on moldings or the characteristic ‘SR’ stamped on bathroom fixtures. (For other clues, click here.)

We did track down a Sears house on Lindsay Road in York, Maine.

A Sears house in York, Maine

Longmeadow, Mass.

A Sears Verona, catalog illustration

Sears houses arrived in two railroad box cars in a variety of styles and prices. At the high end was the Magnolia, a four-bedroom, high-ceilinged colonial modeled after Henry Wadsworth Longfellow’s house in Cambridge, Mass. It sold for $5,972. (See featured image.)

At the low end was the Natoma, a three-room house that sold for $191. It had no bathroom, but you could buy the outhouse separately.

The Natoma

The Verona was another ‘high-class home,’ according to the catalog, ‘of the Dutch type of colonial architecture.’ An authenticated Sears Verona has been identified at 115 Belleclaire Ave., in Longmeadow, Mass.

A house on Medway St. in Norfolk, Mass., is in contention for being a Sears house. Authentic Sears houses were also assembled in Newton, Easthampton, Boston, Woburn, Springfield, Wrentham, Cohasset and Pittsfield.

Claremont, N.H.

The Castleton, catalog illustration

Two small New England companies also sold kit houses.

The Thayer Portable House Co. operated in Keene, N.H., from about 1920 to 1940. It had grown from the Springfield Portable House Co. in Massachusetts. There was also the Robinson’s-Money-Saving-Mill-Made Cut-to-Fit Houses of Providence, R.I.

Still, Sears was king in New England, shipping homes from its factory in Philadelphia.

Two Sears houses have been identified on Mulberry Street in Claremont, N.H. One was a Castleton; the other, a Lorain. (Click here to read more about these houses.)

The Castleton was promoted as ‘dignified and substantial,’ ‘a well-designed house that will make a pleasant home.’ The Lorain was marketed as a charming six-room colonial with dark shutters, snowy walls and window boxes. You can watch a documentary about restoring a Lorain here.

Middletown, R.I.

The Parkside, an economical Sears house

The Parkside was a cute, economical four-room house sold from 1934 to 1940. There’s an authenticated Parkside at 43 Beacon St. in Middletown, R.I. The current owner did considerable research into the house’s history and put up a website about it. (Check it out here.)

In 1938, the Middletown Parkside sold for $1,372. In 2006, it sold for $222,000. Bob Wolfenden, a military veteran, built the house in 1940 and lived in it for the rest of his life. He was a professional carpenter who became superintendent of the Newport, R.I., Water Department. He and his wife Mildred had no children.

John Little bought the house and enlarged it after his friend Bob died. The Parkside then changed hands several times, became a rental and went into foreclosure. It needed repair by the time the current owner bought it in 2006. You can see pictures of the house over the years here.

Burlington, Vt.

An Alhambra, from the catalog

Burlington, Vt., has so many catalog houses there’s a field guide to them called A Guide to the Catalog Houses of Burlington, Vermont.

Burlington was an ideal market for kits of Sears houses as well as for those of its competitors, Aladdin and Gordon Van Tine. The city’s population grew by 10 percent every decade while growing richer. The expansion of the streetcar network opened up cheap empty land. Burlington could also be reached by two major railroads, making it easy to ship kit houses.

Kit houses cluster in Burlington’s South End, the Five Sisters neighborhood, south of the University of Vermont campus, the New North End and Lakeview Terrace. Of the 30 kit houses identified in the Burlington field guide, 14 came from Sears.

A cluster of Sears houses in Burlington shows the range of styles: A four-square Fullerton and a Westly bungalow were identified on N. Prospect Street. Also:

- A Dutch colonial Lucerne on Catherine Street,
- A colonial revival bungalow called a Crescent on St. Paul Street
- A Spanish Colonial Alhambra on South Winooski Avenue
- A Tudor Revival Barrington at Marian Street.

Images: Perkins House By S437885 – Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=35346344; Sears Catalog House, by InAweofGod’s Creation, Creative Commons license. This story about Sears houses was updated in 2022.

Hamden CT

Robert Remington Fights World War I