ridgefield conn. Archives - New England Historical Society

The American Revolution probably wouldn’t have happened had it not been for the Revolutionary taverns where patriots and Loyalists gathered to talk politics. Sam Adams famously haunted the taverns of Boston, honing his political skills and making his political connections. His cousin John Adams called taverns places where ‘bastards, and legislators, are frequently begotten.’

Here the New England Historical Society brings you six Revolutionary taverns that played a role in the birth of the United States of America.

Old Constitution House

The Vermont Republic came into existence at the Old Constitution House in Windsor, Vt. Built around 1750, Elijah West ran it as a tavern in January 1777. That month, Vermont representatives met in Westminster and declared independence from the colonies that claimed to its land — Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Connecticut and New York.

Then on July 2, 1777, a constitutional convention met at Elijah West’s tavern and drafted a constitution. The meeting went on for several days while the British recaptured Fort Ticonderoga. On July 8, the convention at West’s tavern got word of the British advance and considered adjourning. A violent thunderstorm kept the delegates at the tavern. They finished the Vermont Constitution.

The Vermont Constitution, in effect for 14 years, was the first to prohibit slavery, establish universal voting rights for all men and to authorize a public school system.

The building functioned as a tavern until 1848. It later served as a store, a home and a warehouse. In 1901 local preservationists began trying to save the building. Thirteen years later the house and land were donated to the Old Constitution House Association and money raised to restore it. In 1961, the state took ownership of the tavern.

The Old Constitution House has been restored as a tavern museum and includes historic items donated by descendants of the delegates and the Daughters of the American Revolution.

For more information about the Old Constitution House, click here.

Keeler Tavern Museum

Timothy Keeler bought the Keeler tavern in Ridgefield, Conn., from his uncle in 1769. His grandfather had built the structure as his family home 50 years earlier. In 1772, just before the American Revolution broke out, Keeler and his wife Ester converted it into a tavern. At first the tavern sign featured a portrait of King George III, but then Keeler, a patriot, painted it over with an image of a horseman.

Cannonball lodged in the Keeler Tavern

During the Battle of Ridgefield in 1777, British troops fired on the tavern. They had heard people were melting down musket balls in its basement. A British cannonball that struck a corner post of the building can still be seen.

The Keeler family ran the tavern and inn on the site until 1907. Napoleon’s younger brother Jerome stayed at the inn with his wife during their honeymoon.

In 1907, architect Cass Gilbert bought the inn from Timothy Keeler’s granddaughter. He then turned it into a summer home with a sunken garden. Gilbert’s daughter Emily sold the house in 1957, but local preservationists purchased it in 1965. They then began running it as a museum the next year.

For more information about the museum, click here.

Burnham Tavern

Burnham Tavern postcard

In June of 1775 the Margaretta, an armed British schooner, sat in Machias Bay, its guns trained on the frontier town of Machias, Maine. The British delivered an ultimatum: The townspeople of Machias needed to ship their lumber to Boston to build barracks for British soldiers if they wanted critical supplies. If they refused, they could go hungry. The Margaretta’s captain, Lt. James Moore, also threatened an attack.

What to do? The militia men of Machias debated their course of action in Burnham Tavern, built in 1770 by Job Burnham. His brother-in-law, Jeremiah O’Brien, urged an attack on the Margaretta. He led a band of 40 men, mostly armed with farm implements, in the capture of the British ship. After the battle, the tavern was used as a hospital to tend the wounded of both sides. Moore died of his wounds in the tavern. There is today a chest in the tavern said to be stained with his blood.

The Hannah Weston Chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution now runs the tavern as a museum. It opens for the summer of 2016 on July 5 from 10 am to 5 pm Monday through Friday. For more information about Burnham Tavern, click here.

Colonial Inn

The Colonial Inn in Concord, Mass., was originally three buildings, the first dating to 1716. In the tense months before the American Revolution broke out nearby, the inn’s middle building (now the front desk and gift shop) was used to store arms and provisions.

Dr. Timothy Minot, Jr., lived and worked on the western side of the inn (now home to the Liberty Restaurant). After the Battle of Concord on April 19th 1775, he cared for the wounded Minutemen in his home. What is now the Liberty Room was a hospital, one of his bedrooms, now “Room 24”, as an operating room and “Room 27” as the morgue.

Part of the inn passed into the hands of Henry David Thoreau’s grandfather. Thoreau’s father moved his family into that part of the inn while Henry attended Harvard. Eventually it became a boarding house, named the Thoreau House after Henry’s aunts. They entertained guests in the sitting room. J. P. Morgan, Franklin D. Roosevelt and Don Henley all stayed at the Colonial Inn (not at the same time). Today it’s one of the Historic Hotels of America. For more information about the Colonial Inn, click here.

Wyman Tavern

Captain Isaac Wyman built the Wyman Tavern in Keene, N.H., in 1762. Wyman was a veteran of the French and Indian Wars. His family ran the tavern for 40 years, right through the American Revolution, It became a central meeting spot for Keene revolutionaries leading up to the war for independence.

When news arrived that British troops had fired on Americans in Lexington, Keene’s 29 minutemen assembled at the tavern three days later. Then they began their march south to join the Revolution. In later years it served as schoolhouse for Salmon Chase, Abraham Lincoln’s secretary of the Treasury. Perhaps it wasn’t the best place to learn lessons of character and ethics.

Today the tavern is a museum operated by the Cheshire County Historical Society. It opens for tours in the summer. For more information, visit the society’s website here.

White Horse Tavern

In 1652, Frances Brinley built the White Horse Tavern in Newport, R.I., but it didn’t become a tavern until 1683. Then, William Mayes bought the property and enlarged it into a tavern. And it wasn’t named White Horse until 1730.

Tories hung out at the tavern in the early days of the Revolution. It also housed British soldiers leading up to the Battle of Rhode Island. Among its more colorful owners was William Mayes, Jr., a Rhode Island pirate.

Today you can not only visit the White Horse, you can still get a meal and a drink there. For more information, visit the Tavern’s website here.

Photos: Keeler Tavern Museum By Rolf Müller (User:Rolfmueller) – Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=1361338; Keeler Tavern cannonball By Rolf Müller (User:Rolfmueller) – Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=1361326. White Horse Tavern By Swampyank at English Wikipedia, CC BY 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=7018372. Wyman Tavern By Ymblanter – Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=19418202. This story was updated in 2023.

Until diva Geraldine Farrar duked it out with screenwriter Jeanie MacPherson on film, the opera Carmen was staged without the brawl between the two pretty cigar factory workers.

The two women, born within 10 miles of each other in Massachusetts, performed in the 1915 silent film directed by another Massachusetts native: Cecil B. DeMille.

DeMille adapted the novella by Prosper Merrimee rather than the opera by Georges Bizet to avoid copyright violations. The Merrimee story, about the amoral Carmen who seduces a soldier named Don Jose, included the fight scene. The opera by Bizet did not.

Carmen was Geraldine Farrar’s first film, and it won critical and popular acclaim.

Geraldine Farrar

Geraldine Farrar. Photo courtesy Library of Congress.

Farrar was born Feb. 28, 1882 in Melrose, Mass. Her father was Major League Baseball player Sidney Farrar, an infielder for the Philadelphia Quakers and Philadelphia Athletics.

At 5 she started studying music, at 14 she gave recitals and at 19 created an operatic sensation in Berlin, where she was linked with Crown Prince Wilhelm of Germany.

From 1906 to 1922, she performed at the Metropolitan Opera of New York in 29 roles, including Carmen. Her devoted fans were called ‘gerry-flappers.’ She had a 7-year affair with Arturo Toscanini, who suddenly left as conductor of the Met after she demanded he leave his wife and children for her.

Farrar was rumored to have had an affair with Enrico Caruso before she married Lou Tellegen at age 33. Tellegen’s philandering made great tabloid fodder, and they divorced in 1923. Eleven years later, he locked himself in the bathroom of a home he was visiting, shaved, powdered his face, then stabbed himself seven times with a pair of scissors while surrounded by press clippings about himself. When told of his bizarre suicide in 1934, she said, “Why should that interest me?”

It was during her time at the Metropolitan Opera that she made her film debut starring in Carmen.

Jeanie MacPherson

Her sparring partner, Jeanie MacPherson, played a smaller role in the movie but a much bigger role in the movie industry. She was born in Boston on May 18, 1887 and named after Jeanie MacPherson, who led the Highlanders at the Battle of Culloden. She attended school in Paris until her wealthy family fell on hard times. She started out as an actress and dancer in Chicago until she discovered the new medium of film. In 1908 she hunted down moviemaker D. W. Griffith in New York and starred in her first film.

MacPherson had 146 film acting credits from 1908 to 1917. She got her first break directing at Universal Company in 1913, when she wrote, directed, and starred in The Tarantula. Her directing career ended when she got sick, and she went to DeMille looking for an acting job.

DeMille ultimately decided he was more interested in her as a writer than as an actress. She wrote 30 of DeMille’s next 34 films, becoming one of the most influential women in Hollywood and a founder of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.

Carmen

Geraldine Farrar as Carmen

After Farrar was cast as Carmen, screenwriter William deMille was dismayed to learn the Bizet opera was under copyright. His brother, Cecil B. DeMille, told him to go back to the orginal story:

You’ve got smugglers, and a tavern, and soldiers, and a fight between two dames (and give that the works, too), and a camp in the mountains, and, best of all, the bullfight. …you’re supposed to be a dramatist, so if you can’t make the audience think they’re seeing the opera without butting into their damn copyright, you’d better go right home and take a big dose of Lydia Pinkham’s Compound.

Geraldine Farrar asked that the film premier at Boston Symphony Hall. It made her an overnight film star, and the fight scene was used subsequently in many stagings of Carmen. She appeared in other DeMille films written by Jeanie MacPherson, including Joan the Woman.

Farrar retired from opera at 40 and lived in Ridgefield, Conn., until she died in 1967 at 85.

Jeanie MacPherson died of cancer in 1946 at age of 59.

MacPherson, Farrar and deMille all have stars on Hollywood Walk of Fame. DeMille, by the way, was born in Ashfield, Mass., only because his parents were on vacation there. He and his brother grew up in North Carolina.

ridgefield conn.

6 Revolutionary Taverns