Willa Cather Archives - New England Historical Society

Authors need places to write and sometimes those places are not where we might expect them. Willa Cather is a case in point. Cather was a Pulitzer Prize-winning author most famous for her prairie trilogy O Pioneers!, The Song of the Lark, and My Ántonia. These three novels focused on the lives of people living in the beautiful but unforgiving landscape of the Great Plains.

Cather is forever associated with Nebraska where she grew up, but she loved New Hampshire.

Willa Cather

Willa Cather in New Hampshire

From 1917 until the late 1930s, Cather spent most autumns in Jaffrey, staying at the Shattuck Inn, a rambling multi-story quintessential New England retreat. From her window, she had views of Mount Monadnock. The Shattuck Inn no longer stands, a victim of the wrecker’s ball.

Jaffrey was a place she could write free from any distractions, especially from her life in New York City where she had lived since 1906. During her time in Jaffrey, she worked on several novels, including My Ántonia and One of Ours, which won the Pulitzer Prize in 1923.

She delighted in the autumn air of New Hampshire, finding it conducive to writing.

“She enjoyed the quiet, the invigorating air and good sleeping weather, long walks up and around Mount Monadnock after mornings writing…” said Catherine Pond, Marketing Coordinator at the National Willa Cather Center, who grew up in Jaffrey.

Willa Cather on a bench at the Shattuck Inn. Photo courtesy Jaffrey Historical Society.

Why Jaffrey?

Cather made many friends in Jaffrey and became close to the owners of the Shattuck Inn, and especially to their daughter Eleanor, who later took over running the Inn after her parents’ retirement.

The Shattuck Inn. Image courtesy the Jaffrey Historical Society.

In 1928, Cather built a summer retreat at Grand Manan Island in New Brunswick, but Jaffrey still had a hold on her. She often would stop over there on her way back from Canada to New York City. And that hold was greater than anyone suspected. Shortly before her death in April 1947, she asked her lifetime companion Edith Lewis to arrange for her burial in Jaffrey’s Old Burying Ground.

Lewis followed her longtime partner to Jaffrey; she too was laid to rest at the Old Burying Ground when she died in 1972.

But the question remains: why did Cather choose Jaffrey as her final resting place? After all, she lived most of her adult life in New York City and as a child and student in Nebraska. She was born in Virginia. And the only house she ever owned was on Grand Manan Island.

Margaret Bean offers a possible clue in an essay for the Jaffrey Historical Society. The four-year-old son of Cather’s Jaffrey friend Eleanor Shattuck Austermann died suddenly in November 1933. Cather knew the boy and his twin brother since they were babies. She attended the boy’s burial at the Old Burying Ground and comforted the grief-stricken mother in that very cemetery where Cather herself would be laid to rest. Could this have provided a lasting bond with the place?

This Lovely Country

Another bond was the area’s natural beauty. She called it “this lovely country.” In a letter to Edith Lewis, Cather describes the intense pleasure she feels while stargazing out the window at the Shattuck Inn. Looking out at the woods, everything delights her. She is “saturated with the pleasure of breathing clear mountain air…”

“Like so many writers and artists before her, and since, she was very much drawn to Mount Monadnock as a presence—a kind of muse or talisman,” said Pond.

Cather had once written that in the autumn she was often homesick for New England.

Maybe she just wanted to be home.

James F. Lee, the author of this story, is a freelance writer and blogger whose work has appeared in The Washington Post, Boston Globe, Philadelphia Inquirer, and AAA Tidewater Traveler Magazine. He can be reached at www.jamesflee.com and 570-713-5926.

Images: Willa Cather headstone By Faithers2019 – Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=75993492. By Jonwmcinenrey – Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=39308867

Sources on Willa Cather

Willa Cather in Jaffrey by Margaret Bean. Jaffrey Historical Society, 2005.

Letter from Willa Cather to Edith Lewis, Oct. 4, 1936. National Willa Cather Center.

“Willa Cather: Old Burying Ground, Jaffrey, New Hampshire,” by Catherine Seiberling Pond. The New Territory.

Marian MacDowell was a 50-year-old woman tending a sick husband in 1907 when she founded the New Hampshire institution that nurtured some of America’s greatest composers, writers and artists.

Edward MacDowell and Marian MacDowell.

Two tragedies sent her on the path to starting the MacDowell Colony in Peterborough, N.H. One, the death of her mother; the other, the death of her husband, four decades later.

Marian MacDowell

Marian Griswold Nevins was born in New York City on Nov. 22, 1857, the third of Cornelia and David Nevins’ five children. Her father was a successful Wall Street banker. Her mother died when she was eight — and her father was away. The doctor and her grandmother made her give her father the news. She recalled,

I heard the carriage come up to the front door and then they all looked at each other with consternation; neither one could dare to go out and meet him… knowing the very strong affection my father had for me, they pushed me out into the hall and said, “You have got to tell Father Mother is dead.” He came in, looked at me and said, “What is the matter?” I said, “Mother is dead,” and he fell as though he had been knocked over the head with a heavy blow.

David Nevins sent the children to live with two aunts, Lucretia and Caroline Perkins, in Waterford, Conn. Caroline, who taught music, recognized Marian’s musical talent and encouraged her to pursue the piano.

he 1910 Peterborough Pageant used MacDowell’s music to dramatize the history of Peterborough, N.H., set on the grounds of the MacDowell Colony. Photo courtesy Library of Congress.

Choices

In 1880, 23-year-old Marian Nevins sailed to Europe – where all serious American musicians studied — to train with Clara Schumann. Schumann wasn’t available, however, and Marian studied instead with a young American composer, Edward MacDowell. Three years later, he asked her to marry him. She agreed on one condition: That he would devote his life to composing and live off her savings. They were married in 1884 in Waterford.

The young couple eventually settled in Boston, which gave MacDowell membership in the group of New England classical music composers known as the Boston Six. Three months into the marriage, Marian MacDowell realized she had to choose between her husband’s career and her own. She chose his. (Listen to MacDowell’s piece To A Wild Rose from Woodland Sketches here.)

Quiet

Leonard Bernstein at the MacDowell Colony.

Realizing he needed a quiet place to work, she bought Hillcrest, an abandoned farm in Peterborough, N.H., in 1896, without consulting him. She telegraphed the news to him and he replied, “All right, in your name, your responsibility.”

Nevertheless, he loved Hillcrest. Marian surprised him after their first summer by having a log cabin built with a view of Mount Monadnock. It was a perfect place for him to compose, and he wrote most of his significant piano works from it. (Listen to From A Log Cabin here.) She would leave his lunch in a wicker basket and leave it on his doorstep so he could work undisturbed – a tradition that continues to this day at the art colony.

Edward MacDowell had taught music at Columbia University since 1896, but in 1904 he quit his job during an academic dispute. Soon afterward he was hit by a Hansom cab and he went into a severe mental decline. A friend said, “His mind became as that of a little child. He sat quietly, day after day, in a chair by a window, smiling patiently from time to time at those about him, turning the pages of a book of fairy tales…”

Even as they relied on friends for financial support, Marian MacDowell began to realize their dream of a summer colony where artists could find inspiration in quiet and solitude. In 1907, she deeded their farm to the Edward MacDowell Association and founded the MacDowell Colony. During that first season, the guests were sisters Helen Farnsworth Mears, a sculptor, and Mary Mears, a writer.

The MacDowell Colony

Marian MacDowell near the log cabin studio. Photo courtesy Library of Congress.

Edward MacDowell died on Jan. 23, 1908. Marian MacDowell was 50 years old, but she would remain involved with the art colony for the next 48 years. She resumed her career as a pianist and went on the road to raise money, visiting 600 cities in a 15-year period. Again, at the age of 73, she embarked on a concert tour to raise money in the United States and Canada.

Over time the colony expanded and produced a considerable body of work.

Fellows

An estimated 6,000 artists have been supported in residence, including the winners of at least 61 Pulitzer Prizes.

Fellows included Leonard Bernstein, who wrote MASS while there, and Amy Beach; poet Edwin Arlington Robinson; painter Lilla Cabot Perry; novelists Willa Cather, James Baldwin and Spalding Gray; and playwright Thornton Wilder, who was inspired by nearby Peterborough to write Our Town. L. M. Kit Carson wrote The Texas Chainsaw Massacre 2 while at the MacDowell Colony, and Michael Chabon worked on The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier & Clay.

In 1946, on her 89^th birthday, Marian MacDowell resigned her job as head of the MacDowell Colony but continued on as ‘corresponding secretary.’ On her 96^th birthday, the Town of Peterborough sent her a cake with the message ‘To Marian MacDowell, Peterborough’s First Citizen, Beloved by All New Hampshire.’ It was the last year she managed to come to the Colony. She died three months shy of her 99^th birthday, on Aug. 23, 1956.

She summed up her achievements simply: “I am a very ordinary woman who had an opportunity—and I seized it.”

This story was updated in 2023.